Lox Yeo Valley and Winscombe Vale
This flatter area of farmland is surrounded by the steeper slopes of the Mendip Ridges and Combes. Much of the area is productive Grade 1 or 2 agricultural land, and so improving the sustainability and nature-friendliness of farming is a priority. There are also opportunities for habitat creation on poorer quality agricultural land, especially where this would connect existing habitats on the Mendip Ridges.
Protection of existing traditional orchards and creation of new orchards is also a priority here, which would benefit wildlife and add to local heritage.
River restoration, wetland creation and connection to the floodplain along the Lox-Yeo river is also a relevant priority within the flood zone.
The M5 runs through this area, and another relevant priority is to address the severance in ecological connectivity between Bleadon Hill and the rest of the Mendip Hills caused by the motorway, enabling easier wildlife passage between the two areas.
Priorities for nature recovery
Delivering the priorities for nature recovery is particularly important in the mapped Focus Areas for Nature Recovery. ‘Landscape recovery’ measures, which will have the biggest impact on nature recovery, are particularly relevant in these Focus Areas.
There is a greater amount of land where extensive grazing creates diverse, dynamic and shifting habitat mosaic, including successional habitats and scrub.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| On areas that are currently biodiversity-poor, use a mix of free-roaming herbivores with different grazing habits to create a dynamic and shifting mosaic of habitats. Ideally, this should be done in a large enough area for natural processes to create habitat variety. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Reduce the intensity of existing cattle grazing to improve biodiversity and create dynamic grassland mosaics; this could include introducing more hardy, native breeds of cattle, and introducing ponies alongside them. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Manage areas of scrub that are in good condition to avoid them losing their scrub or thicket-like characteristics by, for example, coppicing on a suitable rotation and using appropriate grazing regimes. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Create semi-natural broadleaved woodland, following the principles set out in the Forest of Avon Plan and ensure the woodland has a suitable management plan in place. Where possible (i.e. next to or close to existing woodland), allow woodland to naturally generate rather than planting trees. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Restore plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) to native woodland. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Create or restore wood pasture and parkland, which incorporate extensive grazing alongside trees. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Allow natural regeneration of scrub and woodland close to existing semi-natural woodlands, which provides important ‘edge habitat’. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Restore and establish traditional orchards, including community orchards, with a focus on maintaining locally distinctive varieties | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Protect existing traditional orchards and continue to manage them well for wildlife | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
More rivers and streams have natural courses and profiles, enable free passage of fish, and have more diverse in-river habitat, including spawning habitat in headwater streams.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Re-naturalisation of rivers to their original form or reprofiling of the river to create a more ‘natural’ profile. This could include restoring meanders, removing or setting back flood banks, and/or reconnecting old side channels. | Farmers and landowners | River | Landscape recovery |
| Introduce habitat features such as berms and flow deflectors in rivers to create more habitat diversity. This is particularly useful in river channels that are relatively uniform or highly managed | Farmers and landowners | River | N/A |
| Install natural structures such as leaky dams and let fallen trees in rivers remain in-situ (where appropriate and where the flood risk has been properly assessed) | Farmers and landowners | River | N/A |
| Restore headwater streams to enhance spawning habitat such as river gravels for salmonids, and instream water weeds and substrates for coarse fish egg laying | Farmers and landowners | River | N/A |
| Remove barriers to fish passage, including weirs and culverts, where this is possible, and the retrofitting of structures to include fish passes and mammal ledges where removal is not possible | Local government Farmers and landowners |
River | N/A |
There is more woodland that is managed and in good ecological condition, including minimising the impact of ash dieback and reducing grazing pressure on sensitive woodlands from deer.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Improve the management of existing areas of woodland for wildlife, following the principles set out in the Forest of Avon Plan | Farmers and landowners | Woodland | Landscape recovery |
| Reintroduce coppicing as a form of woodland management that benefits wildlife while potentially providing woodland products such as fuel | Farmers and landowners | Woodland | Landscape recovery |
| Open up rides and glades in existing woodland to develop ecotones and scrubby areas that better support a wider range of wildlife. Where appropriate, use new open woodland areas caused by ash dieback to create new wood pastures or glades | Farmers and landowners | Woodland | Landscape recovery |
| Consider introducing grazing animals in larger woodlands to create a more dynamic ecology and enable habitat succession. | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Landscape recovery |
| Take measures to reduce deer grazing in woodlands, such as putting up deer fencing, to reduce their negative impact on woodland ecology due to overgrazing. | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Leave deadwood in situ to provide habitat for a variety of species including fungi, lichens, invertebrates, mosses, bats and birds. | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Periodically thin ‘high forest’ type woodlands (tall trees with little shrub layer) to maintain structural diversity and a varied age structure where appropriate | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Avoid placing game bird pens in woodlands with a high botanical value | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | N/A |
| Ensure public access to and recreational activities within woodlands minimises impacts on woodland ecology, including clearly marked paths. | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | N/A |
| Only fell trees affected by ash dieback when there is a material safety risk, a clear future safety risk, or as part of normal silvicultural operations, and leave deadwood in place where possible for the benefit of wildlife | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Where there is a diverse mix of tree species present, allow natural regeneration to replace trees lost through ash dieback. Where natural regeneration is not possible, replace trees lost through ash dieback with a suitable mix of native broadleaved species | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Adopt ecologically sound forestry practices in woodlands used for timber production. This can include continuous cover management regimes that attempt to mimic natural processes, and integration of areas and corridors of native broadleaved woodland in coniferous forests | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | Environmental stewardship |
| Include fire and fuel breaks and/or fire belts in woodland to reduce the risk of wildfires, and ensure woodlands are resilient to climate change in the future | Farmers & landowners | Woodland | N/A |
Existing species-rich grasslands and meadows, including lowland calcareous grasslands, are protected and well-managed.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Keep or put in place the appropriate extensive grazing regime for existing species-rich grasslands and lowland meadows, avoiding overgrazing or undergrazing that can lead to grassland habitat being lost | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Prevent scrub from encroaching on species-rich wildflower grasslands, while maintaining a minority area of scrub that is managed to create a varied age, composition and physical structure including glades and scalloped edges | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Where there is an absence of scrub and successional habitat in or adjacent to grasslands, encourage a minority amount to improve structural diversity and benefit wildlife | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
More rivers are reconnected to their floodplains and floodplain wetlands are created to allow natural erosion and silt deposition within the floodplain, especially where this would provide benefits to flood management.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Reconnection of rivers to their floodplain, allowing floodwater to spill naturally onto adjacent land, and restoration of wetland habitat within the floodplain | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
| Create or improve management of floodplain grazing marsh or floodplain meadows, including permitting seasonal flooding | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Landscape recovery |
The extent and quality of our hedgerow network for wildlife is improved, helping to connect wildlife-rich sites.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Manage hedgerows in a thick and tall condition for wildlife, following best practice set out by Hedgelink and only cutting every three years on rotation | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Create/restore hedgerows where they have previously existed, or where they would fit in with the existing field system | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Plant field trees within hedgerows where they are not already present | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Protect existing trees within the farmed landscape, particularly veteran and ancient trees, and consider fencing off ancient and veteran trees to enable new trees to grow | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Create shelterbelts (windbreaks) made up of trees to protect livestock and crops from inclement weather | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Incorporate trees in grazing systems (silvopasture). This could include trees that can produce a fruit or nut crop alongside continued livestock grazing | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Establish agroforestry systems alongside crop production (silvoarable systems) | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
The farmed landscape is more hospitable and permeable to wildlife, especially to pollinators and to farmland birds that have suffered historic declines.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Provide graded margins up to a thick hedgerow to create nesting sites for farmland birds such as linnets and yellowhammers | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Establish beetle banks and other areas for natural predators within arable farming | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Establish flower-rich grass margins, blocks, or in-field strips | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Incorporate nectar strips and/or herb-rich arable leys into arable rotations | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Sow a wild bird seed mixture to provide a seed-rich winter cover crop, and/or leave unsprayed and unharvested arable headlands to provide food for farmland birds | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Leave overwinter stubble on cropped fields, and sow spring-sown crops to provide food for farmland birds | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Leave areas unsprayed in arable fields to support arable wildflowers, particularly in areas where important species are present | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Create skylark plots (unsown squares) in arable fields | Farmers & landowners | Countryside | Sustainable farming |
| Create/restore and properly manage farmland ponds for wildlife, including great-crested newt | Farmers & landowners | Countryside | Environmental stewardship |
| Protect existing swallow and house martin nesting sites, and provide artificial nesting sites where there is a lack of potential nesting sites | Farmers & landowners | Countryside; Gardens and other outdoor space and larger spaces; Development and regeneration; Gardens and other outdoor space | N/A |
There is more sustainable and regenerative agriculture that minimises the use of potentially harmful inputs including pesticides and artificial fertilisers, and regenerates the health and carbon stock of soils.
| Measures | Most relevant to | Land type | Indicative level of land-use impact for nature |
| Use sustainable soil management techniques, including undersowing of crops, reduced or no tillage, reducing compaction etc. | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Establish a multi-species winter cover crop to protect soil from erosion and compaction, and improve soil biology | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Reduce the use of pesticides through integrated pest management, including use of companion crops; and leave areas unsprayed to support arable wildflowers | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Use precision farming techniques to reduce the use of pesticides | Farmers and landowners Communities |
Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Reduce or eliminate the application of fertiliser or manure on grassland, including through the use of precision farming techniques | Farmers and landowners Local Government |
Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Provide a more species-rich herbal ley for grazing livestock in place of an intensive perennial rye grass sward | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
| Reduce the use of antibiotics and worming products in livestock, to improve the value of their dung to wildlife | Farmers and landowners | Countryside | Sustainable Farming |
Relevant priority species
- Barbastelle Bat
- Common Dormouse
- Glow worm
- Greater Horseshoe Bat
- House Martin
- Lesser Horseshoe Bat
- Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary
- Swallow
- Water Vole